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1. A Single Nutrient Source Hydroponic Solution: pH BufferingMES (2-[N-morpholino]ethanesulfonic acid) is a biological buffer that can be used to stabilize pH in a hydroponic system. It can, however, be toxic to plants, including soybeans. Hydroponic systems are efficient for studying plant nutrition. It is often desirable to adjust individual nutrients for unique species’ needs and/or to create multiple nutrient deficiencies within the same study. However, this is challenging to do with traditional solutions as nutrients are ... J.D. Ioannou, B. Hopkins |
2. Agronomic and Economic Comparison of Conventional and Direct-seeding in the Intermediate Rainfall ZoneThe predominant dryland cropping system in the low (<12 inch) and intermediate (12- 18 inch) rainfall areas of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) is winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) summer-fallow using conventional tillage. Tillage increases the rate of soil organic matter oxidation which has an adverse effect on soil physical, biological and chemical properties. A field experiment comparing conventional tillage-based summer- fallow with chemical summer-fallow and direct-seeding ... S. Petrie, S. Albrecht, D. Long |
3. Agronomic Biosolids Application Rates for Dryland Wheat Across a Range of Northwest Climate ZonesPredicting agronomic rates is important to derive optimum economic and environmental benefits from biosolids fertilizer applications. We conducted this research to 1) evaluate dryland wheat response to biosolids applications over a range of climate zones in the Pacific Northwest and 2) compare agronomic application rates predicted from yield curves with those predicted from published extension guidance. We applied a range of biosolids rates during the fallow year in ten on-farm dryland wheat ... A. Bary, D. Sullivan, C. Cogger |
4. Alfalfa Fertility Survey of Oregon, Washington, and IdahoUnderstanding alfalfa nutrient status in plants and soils allows researchers and growers identify the greatest nutrient needs for this important crop. A survey of PNW alfalfa fields is being conducted to accurately summarize alfalfa nutrient uptake and biomass yield potential in response to soil agronomic properties to address this question. Forty alfalfa fields throughout alfalfa production regions in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho were selected for the 2022 survey. The number of fields colle... C.H. Messman, A. Moore |
5. Barley Yield and Protein Response to Nitrogen and Sulfur Rates and Application TimingThe introduction of new barley varieties, as well as changes in management practices, necessitate a re-evaluation of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) nutrient management guidelines. Nitrogen has a significant impact on barley grain quality and yield. Overapplication of N can result in lodging, groundwater pollution, and high protein content, resulting in lower end-use quality of barley, while underapplication of N results in reduced grain quality and yield. Sulfur promotes N utilization in barley ... O. Adeyemi, J. Spackman, J. Sagers, J. Marshall, Z. Hong, R. Findlay, J. Bevan |
6. Best Management Practices (Bmps) for Ammonia Emissions Reduction from Animal Feeding Operations: a Colorado Case StudyAmmonia emissions from agriculture are a growing concern, in particular, in Colorado where nitrogen deposition in Rocky Mountain National Park has highlighted public concerns. Due to the high level of political pressure on agriculture to reduce its emissions, the agricultural community in Colorado has recently developed a Rocky Mountain National Park Ag Strategy for decreasing ammonia emissions from agriculture and nitrogen deposition in the park. The strategy includes the completion of a tho... J. G. davis, A. Elliott, N. Marcillac, J. Pritchett, C. Stewart, A. Mink |
7. Biosolids-based Fertilizers as a Nitrogen Source in California Small Grains SystemsSituation/ conditions In response to regulatory and economic pressure, California growers are becoming more familiar with nitrogen budgets. In addition to seeking out ways to improve nitrogen management strategies, growers can possibly benefit by incorporating alternative sources of nitrogen to feed their crops. Liquid injected or pelletized biosolids-based fertilizers from local waste streams and processing facilities are one source that growers are beginning to explore. ... K. Mathesius, D. Geisseler, M. Savidge, M. Lundy, T. Nelson, N. Andersen |
8. Boron Fertilization in PotatoThe high value of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), its inefficient rooting system and the low organic matter content of sandy soils on which potatoes are cultivated result in widespread application of boron (B) and other micronutrients. However, in times of cost trimming, B may become an omitted input regardless of soil test values. Further, soil tests for B may need to be updated for higher yields, better management or improved soil test methods. Russet Burbank potato was grown a... B. Webb, B. Hopkins, J. Ellsworth, V. Jolley, R. Callahan |
9. Cool Season Mineralization of Recalcitrant Organic N in Undisturbed Cores of Manured SoilsThe objectives of this study were to (1) quantify cool season N mineralization from recalcitrant organic N in soils with a long history of manure application and (2) examine the relationship between cool season recalcitrant organic N mineralization and a fall mineralizable N index. “Cool season” was defined as October to February for fields with winter crops and October to May for fields with no winter crops. Two in situ trials were conducted with undisturbed so... D. Moberg, D. Sullivan, R. Johnson |
10. Cover Crops and Compost Amendments for Organic Grape ProductionIncreased costs of fertilizers that rely on petroleum products coupled with increased pest control and transportation costs has prompted more management practices that can make use of local waste products and utilize cover crops to reduce purchased inputs. A burgeoning wine industry could benefit from organic production techniques; however, their effects on vine growth and grape quality have not been explored in New Mexico. Alternative vineyard floor management systems were evaluated for orga... A. Ulery, R. Flynn, R. Walser, M. Weiss, S. Guldan |
11. CropManage Decision Support Tool for Improving Irrigation and Nutrient Efficiency of Cool Season Vegetables in California: a Decade of Field Demonstrations and OutreachVegetable growers on the central coast of California are under regulatory pressure to reduce nitrate loading to ground and surface water supplies. California is also implementing the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) which may limit agricultural pumping in regions such as the central coast where the aquifer has been over-extracted for irrigation of crops. Growers could potentially use less N fertilizer, address water quality concerns, and conserve water by improving wa... M. Cahn, R. Smith, L. Johnson, F. Melton |
12. Crystal Green® – the Most Efficient Granular Phosphate FertilizerOver 80% of applied conventional phosphate can be lost to soil fixation or the environment and leaves crops hungry for nutrients when they need them the most. Overapplying conventional phosphate fertilizers, produced from a finite resource, to overcome significant inefficiencies does not align well with industry goals of sustainability. Not only are crops missing out on proper plant nutrition of a critical nutrient, these nutrients are lost to the environment and are responsible for harmful a... G. Mooso |
13. Determining Lime Requirements for Idaho SoilsFor the past 25 years, northern Idaho soils have significantly shown a decline in soil pH, from pH 6.0 to around a pH of 5.6. Southern Idaho soils are mostly neutral to alkaline, with a pH of around 7.0 to 8.5, however, most agricultural soils pH is declining to pH < 4.5. Soil acidification is becoming a rising issue in soil sustainability, in which approximately 30% of the world surface is covered by acidic soils. Low soil solution pH can be induced by continued irrigation that incre... K.L. Mookodi, J. Spackman, J. Sagers, K. Schroeder |
14. Determining Plant Available Nitrogen from Manure and Compost Topdressed on an Irrigated PastureComposting manure is a practice that is gaining acceptance as an environmentally sound manure management practice at large animal production operations. Composting produces a value-added product that enhances the fertility and physical properties of soil. During the composting process, nitrogen and phosphorus in the original feedstocks are converted through microbial activity into predominantly stable organic compounds, lessening the risk of loss of these nutrients into the environment. Compo... J. G. davis, T. Bauder, K. Corwin doesken, A. Elliott |
15. Developing Extension Guidance for Management Effects on Ammonia Loss: a Computer Simulation Modeling ApproachComputer simulation models provide insight into ammonia loss processes and the sensitivity of ammonia loss predictions to environmental and management variables. As an example of how a simple computer simulation model can inform the Extension guideline development process, the ALFAM (Ammonia Volatilization from Field-Applied Animal Slurry) model was used to estimate NH3 loss from surface- applied municipal biosolids: liquid (3% dry matter) and dewatered (22% dry matter). Model ... D. Sullivan |
16. Development of a Constrained Resource Model to Support Intercropping DecisionsCrop producers are interested in intercropping due to its’ potential to increase profitability, yield stability and sustainability. Our objective was to extend a simulation model to forecast crop yields (PRS® CropCaster®) to pulse-oilseed intercrops. This tool would provide crop producers with forecasts of yields of each crop component under different management and environmental conditions. Based on competition for fertilizer 15... E. Bremer, I. Madsen, K. Greer |
17. Economics of Alfalfa Fertilization Under Inflated Hay and Fertilizer PricesKnowing critical alfalfa nutrient levels in-season improves recommendations and applications, while at the same time saves producers time, expense and effort since many growers take samples for hay quality. Inflation has doubled hay and fertilizer prices which brings into question how current fertility decisions are made. From 2019-2020 detail information on phosphorus and potassium response was conducted. Two experiments were designed as follows: 1) Phosphorus (P) rate study with diffe... S. Norberg, D. Llewellyn, J.P. Driver, S. Fransen, J. Harrison |
18. Effects of Long-term Biosolids Applications in Two Dryland Agroecosystems on Physical, Biological, and Chemical Soil Health PropertiesBiosolids can be important sources of organic matter to semi-arid dryland grain systems and have the potential to mitigate some of the soil health challenges specific to these areas while providing an alternative to synthetic fertilizers. Biosolids are an important avenue for beneficially reusing and redistributing nutrients from high population urban areas to more rural agricultural areas. We explored how long-term (20+ year) applications of biosolids at two field sites affected physical, bi... M. Desjardins, A. Bary, J. Ippolito, S. Cappellazzi, D. Liptzin, D. Griffin-lahue |
19. Evaluating Potential Impacts of Land-applied Food Processing By-products on Soil Quality and Plant NutrientsFood processing canneries, especially those using raw fruit, nut, and vegetable- base materials, generate various types of by-products or non-hazardous wastes. The constituents of these wastes are dependent on the source of raw material and the substances associated with the canning processes. The use of land-applied non-hazardous wastes as an agricultural soil amendment is projected to rise because of public concerns regarding environmental impact and economic restraints of their disposal to... S. Pasakdee, N. Dellavalle |
20. Evaluating Zinc Requirements of Corn, Small Grains, and AlfalfaMany growers and crop advisors in the Intermountain west have recently reported Zn deficiencies in major cereal and forage crops. Further, many common fertilizer blends now include Zn. Most Zn fertilizer guidelines indicate that 5-10 lbs of Zn per acre should be applied when critical soil test Zn levels are less than about 0.8 ppm Zn. These guidelines in Utah and many other states in the region were developed decades ago and need to be reassessed. Therefore, we established Zn response and rat... M. Yost, M. Baker, J. Gale, G. Cardon, E. Creech |
21. Evaluation of N Uptake Analysis As a Tool for Determing Potato N StatusPlant tissue testing has become the primary method for evaluating nitrogen availability for potatoes during the growing season. This study was conducted to determine if plant N uptake rates referenced to absorbed solar radiation could also be used as a tool to quantitatively assess plant N status of different potato varieties. Nitrogen fertilizer, as NH4NO3 (34-0-0), was applied to Russet Burbank, Gem Russet, Bannock Russet and Summit Russet at three rates (0, 100, or 300 kg N/ha) using ... J. Stark, S. Love, C. Mcintosh |
22. Floral Hemp Responses to Nitrogen Fertilization in the High DesertThe performance of floral hemp under N fertilization is influenced by environmental conditions, management and cultivar selection. This field study evaluated the effect of no supplemental N and N fertilization at 90 kg ha-1 on three hemp cultivars (Berry Blossom, Red Bordeaux, and Tahoe Cinco) in Northern Nevada. Nitrogen increased plant height, canopy cover, stem diameter and shoot biomass, but other physiological parameters were dependent on cultivar. We evaluated the u... F. Barrios masias, M. Farnisa, J. Solomon, G. Miller |
23. Flushed Liquid Dairy Manure Solid Particle and Nutrient DistributionsLarge dairies often use liquid manure handling systems because of their ease of mechanization and low labor requirements. Some of Idaho Magic Valley dairies use flushing systems that result in large amounts of liquid dairy manure that are applied via irrigation systems to adjacent cropland during the growing season. Solids and nutrients found in liquid dairy manure pose challenges to manure handling processes and cause environmental concerns. Separating solids and nutrients from liquid dairy ... L. Chen, K. Kruger |
24. Grain Protein Content and Composition of Winter Wheat Cultivars Under Different Levels of N and Water StressThis study investigated the combined influences and interactions of N fertilization and moisture deficit during grain-fill on wheat grain protein content and grain protein composition of nine white winter wheat cultivars. Grain was obtained from seven HWW wheat cultivars and two soft white winter (SWW) wheat cultivars grown under line-source irrigation systems at two Oregon locations during two years. The low N level treatment consisted in a single fertilization of 150 lb N/a in Mar... A. Ross, C. Saint pierre, C. Peterson, J. Ohm, M. Verhoeven, M. Larson, B. Hoefer |
25. Helpful or Not?- Biostimulant Use in Corn Silage ProductionThere has been a recent increase in both the availability and marketing of biostimulant products to local producers, particularly to dairymen, in southern Idaho. These products claim to increase yield and nutrient use efficiency while improving soil health on agricultural fields. If these claims are true, the use of these products would ultimately aid in promoting the overall sustainability of Idaho farms. However, there is a lack of objective data to support these claims, leaving producers u... L.R. Schott, S. Hines, J. Packham, G. Loomis, M. De haro marti, C. Willmore |
26. How Variable is Variable for Production Fields in Southern Idaho?Idaho ranks in the top 10 in the US for dairy, potato, barley, hay, sugar beet, corn silage, and dry bean production. The highest producing areas in the state for these commodities are in Southern Idaho. Agricultural producers in this region, just like many other regions, are tasked with managing irrigation water and soil fertility on large fields with spatial heterogeneity in a way that results in homogeneous crop production. ... L. Schott, C. Robison, E. Brooks, D. Bjorneberg, K. Nouwakpo |
27. Impact of Variable-Rate Nitrogen on Potato Yield, Quality, and ProfitNitrogen application in agriculture is a vital process for optimal plant growth and yield outcomes. Factors such as: topography, soil properties, historical yield, and crop stress variably affect nitrogen (N) needs within a field. Applying variable N within a field could improve yields and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Optimal N management is a system that involves applying a conservative variable base rate at or shortly after planting followed by in-season assessment and, if needed, variabl... E.A. Flint, M. Yost, B. Hopkins |
28. Improved Small Grain Nitrogen Use Efficiency with California Site-specific Decision SupportSmall grains are grown throughout the state of California (CA) on approximately 500,000 acres annually. They are generally fall-sown and grown during the winter months when most precipitation occurs. Because precipitation and irrigation patterns vary across CA and there is a strong interaction between total water and plant available nitrogen (N), determining fertilizer N application recommendations is particularly challenging in this cropping system. With recent fertilizer price vol... N. Clark, M. Lundy, T. Nelsen, M. Leinfelder-miles, S. Light, G. Galdi, T. Getts, K. Mathesius |
29. Irrigation Management and Drought-tolerant Genetics on Nutrient UptakeAlfalfa is exceptional at obtaining nutrients from the soil with its deep tap root. However, with its ability to consume vast amounts of phosphorous and potassium more is used than what is made available each year. This results in the need of nutrient management plans. With the continuing of the drought, nutrient management becomes more difficult. Irrigation management, drought tolerant genetics, and sprinkler technology can play an important role in nutrient management and affect financial o... D. Boren, M. Yost, T. Sullivan |
30. Is Protein Enough for Assessing Wheat Flour Quality?The quality of wheat products such as bread, bagels, noodles or pizza that consumers purchase is based on the flour quality used in production. Flours with different characteristcs are needed to produce different products and flour quality is important to produce a quality end product. However, at the initial stage of flour production, wheat is sold on a grain protein premium basis by farmers to elevators and eventually millers. In many years, higher protein (> 15% protein) wheat can bring... C. Reese, D. Clay, D. Beck, R. Englund |
31. Managing Potassium for Organic Crop ProductionAn adequate potassium (K) supply is essential for both organic and conventional crop production. Various organic certification agencies have different regulations governing allowable sources of K. The release of K from soil minerals is discussed along with the behavior of various allowed K sources for organic crop production. ... R. Mikkelsen |
32. Manure Treatments Change Nitrogen Cycling in Soils Receiving Repeated Applications of Dairy-wastesOur objective was to assess effects of treated dairy-waste on soil N pools, nitrification, plant N availability, and yield in a silage cornfield treated with ammonium sulfate (AS), dairy-waste compost (DC) or liquid dairy-waste (LW) as N sources at two levels of application over 5 years. Increases in soil C and N, nitrate and available P and K were observed for the DC treated soils throughout the 5-year period. Soil organic C increases for the high-level DC treated soil doubled the C pool res... J. Norton, M. Habteselassie, J. Stark, B. Miller |
33. ManureDB: Creating a Nationwide Manure Test DatabaseManure nutrients serve an important role in crop production, however compared with commercial fertilizers there is a lack of standardized information. When exact manure values are not known, manure book values have been referenced. Recent data from midwestern United States (US) labs indicates manure nutrient levels have changed from book values published by Midwest Plan Service (2004) and American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (2005). Manure laboratory analysis has improved... N.L. Bohl bormann, M.L. Wilson, E.L. Cortus, K. Janni, K. Silverstein, L. Gunderson |
34. Monitoring Soil Nitrate to Estimate Cover Crop N Contribution in Organic Vegetable Production FieldsOrganic vegetable growers rely on legume cover crops as an economical source of plant-available N. This research evaluated N contributions to summer vegetable crops by cover crops (CC) residues by monitoring soil nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations during the summer crop growing season. Replicated field plots were established with three CC mixes: solo common vetch (V), phacelia + V (PV), and cereal rye + V (RV), plus a winter fallow (F) control in grower fields in the north Willamette V... D. Sullivan, N. Andrews |
35. New Tools in Soil and Manure Test Information Interpretation in UtahAn effort is underway to update the USU Analytical Laboratory’s (USUAL) procedures and data presentation/interpretation capabilities. Modern database management tools and analytical instruments have, in many cases, gone under-exploited in reducing sample turn-around time, in improving data dissemination and interpretation, and in providing research and extension personnel with access to comprehensive historical and current trend data on soil fertility, and manure and plant analysis.... G. Cardon, J. Kotuby-amacher |
36. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertigation on PearsAvoiding over-application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers and increasing N and P use efficiency on pear orchards have significant benefits on pear productivity and the environment. Split fertigation of N and P fertilizers and banding application of N and P fertilizers may increase the use efficiency of applied N and P fertilizers compared with our current N and P management system -- single broadcasting application of dry N and P fertilizers to the soil surface. A field experim... F. Yin, C. Seavert, J. Bai |
37. Nitrogen Availability from Organic AmendmentsOrganic fertilizers and composts are valuable sources of nutrients. However, their nutrient availability is often not known and can be variable. How much nitrogen (N) becomes plant available depends on environmental factors, including temperature and so moisture, as well as the properties of the decomposing organic material. We investigated the effects of the carbon to N (C:N) ratio of different commercially available organic fertilizers and composts in a study where we mixed the materials wi... D. Geisseler |
38. Nitrogen Cycling and Partitioning Under Alternative Organic Orchard Floor Management StrategiesOrganic orchard systems are a significant and growing component of Washington State agriculture, yet sustainable methods of nitrogen (N) fertility and weed management remain a challenge. Nutrient supply is dependent on decomposition and mineralization of organic matter, yet intensive cultivation commonly used to control weeds can disrupt biological processes and cause loss of organic matter. To address the often-competing goals of organic fertility and weed control, a number of alternative or... L. Carpenter-boggs, D. Granatstein, J. Reganold, L. Hoagland, M. Mazzola, F. Peryea, J. Smith |
39. Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Timing Implications for Malt, Food, and Feed Barley Production in Southern IdahoNitrogen is an essential nutrient required to produce high-yielding barley. Nitrogen strongly impacts barley yield, grain protein, tillering, and lodging potential. Unlike other crops such as corn, available nitrogen must be carefully managed for producers to achieve both optimal yield and grain quality for malt, food, and feed barley. Exessive nitrogen availability increases grain protein concentration that may be unsuitable for malting but may be ideal for feed or food barley. The objective... J. Spackman, O. Walsh, A. Adjesiwor, O. Adeyemi, J. Sagers, R. Findlay, J. Bevan |
40. Nitrogen Management to Increase Cotton Production in Conservation Cropping SystemsThe use of conservation management practices, like cover crops and no-tillage, is common in semi-arid cropping systems to reduce wind erosion. However, the use of these practices can also reduce cotton lint yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of nitrogen (N) management in conservation cropping systems to increase cotton lint yield. Two experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and Extension Systems in Lamesa, TX, USA. The first exper... J.A. Burke, K.L. Lewis, J.L. Foster-malone |
41. No-till Grain Production in Wyoming: Status and PotentialIn dryland cropping systems, optimal yields require that nutrient supply matches the soil’s yield potential supported by available moisture. Conservation tillage systems that leave at least 30 percent of the soil surface covered by residue dramatically increase moisture retained in the soil compared to crop-fallow systems. This enables producers to plant two, three, or four consecutive crops, or continuously, without fallow, but water and nutrient needs are much more closely balanced wi... J. Norton |
42. Non-destructive Measurement of Perennial Crop N StatusLittle research has been conducted to evaluate the use on hand-held leaf meters as tools to assess plant N status in perennial crops. In this study, using replicated N rate plots in place for up to four years, we used two hand-held leaf meters (the Minolta SPAD meter and the Field Spec CM1000) to monitor tissue N status in apple and one meter (CM1000 only) in wine grape. In both crops, relationships were found between leaf meter readings and both fertilizer N rate as well as tissue N concentr... J. Davenport, R. Stevens, E. Perry |
43. Nutrient Cycling in Effluent-irrigated Soil (Mollisol) Planted to Tropical Grasses in a Tropical Island EnvironmentDairy producers accumulate large quantities of effluent in lagoons. Lagoons occasionally overflow causing the nutrients and other contaminants in effluent to pollute the land and water bodies. Alternative uses of effluent are, therefore, urgently needed for a sustainable and environment-friendly dairy production. This study determined the sustainable effluent application rate and assessed the effects of effluent irrigation on plant and soil (Cumulic Haplustoll) properties. Five tropical grass... R. Valencia-gica, R. Yost, G. Porter, R. Pattnaik |
44. Nutrient Management for Semi-arid Cannabis ProductionThe industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) industry rapidly emerged in Utah in 2019 with nearly 480 new hectares of hemp production. Production declined and stabilized during 2019-2022 due to low returns in a flooded pharmaceutical market. Though small and specialized, the hemp production industry is still viable in Utah and surrounding states. Many questions remain on optimal production practices for this new and potentially high-value crop. Research throughout the United Sta... T. Sullivan, M. Yost, D. Boren, E. Creech, B. Bugbee |
45. Optical Sensing for Nitrogen ManagementAlthough nitrogen (N) nutrition is as or more important than other nutrients, it has been largely ignored by those applying variable rate fertilizer (VRF) due to its loss potential for VRF applications that occur many weeks prior to crop need. Applications of N are best applied as close to crop uptake as possible in order to avoid leaching, denitrification, and other losses. Spatial variability for crop N need is often considerable due to differences in yield potential and, to a lesser degree... B. Hopkins, S. Stephens, A. Shiffler |
46. Optimizing Fertigation for High Value CropsIn irrigated farming systems, soluble and mobile fertilizers, such as sources of nitrogen, are often applied to crops through fertigation. Fertigation presents both opportunities and challenges. Potential opportunities include better synchronization of nutrient availability with crop demand through the growing season and potential energy savings. Challenges include the need for additional investment on infrastructure for nutrient injection into the irrigation conveyance and distribution syste... C.A. Sanchez, D. Zerihun |
47. Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates for Annual Cereal Forage ProductionNitrogen fertilizer provides one of the greatest returns on investment but also one of the highest operating expenses for annual cereal forage production. It is important to know the total nitrogen required by a crop to optimize yield and quality and to minimize nitrogen losses to the environment. It is also possible that annual cereal forage species and cultivars will have varying responses to nitrogen availability. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal nitrogen fertilizer... J. Spackman, R. Findlay, J. Sagers, J. Pandey |
48. Performance of Public and Private Fertilizer Recommendations for Corn, Alfalfa, and Small GrainsThere are many sources that growers utilize to determine fertilizer needs for crops such as private and public labs, crop advisors, and fertilizer dealers. In many cases, these sources provide recommendations for a specific crop that can vary greatly, and the resulting fertilizer and application rates recommended can lead to large differences in costs for the grower. Evaluating the effectiveness and economics of current fertilizer guidelines and recommendations will help growers to make bette... M. Yost, M. Baker, J. Gale, E. Creech, G. Cardon |
49. Phosphorus and Zinc Interactions in PotatoPotato production requires high soil phosphorus (P) application with potential negative environmental and nutrient uptake effects. Impacts of high available P on species in potato cropping rotations are not adequately understood, nor have the causes of reduced yield and quality from excess P been fully explored. Antagonistic interactions with cationic micronutrients such as zinc (Zn) are plausible explanations. Two hydroponic experiments were conducted with Burbank potato to elucidate P and Z... B. Webb, B. Hopkins, J. Ellsworth, S. Barben, B. Nichols, V. Jolley |
50. Phosphorus Dynamics and Wheat Response to Applied P in a Spatially Variable Environment1Considerable spatial and temporal variability exists in soil chemical and physical properties across farm landscapes in eastern Washington State. The purpose of this research is to investigate changes in P mineralogy across the Palouse landscape and ultimately to determine the influence of mineralogy on plant-available P and fertilizer P responses at different landscape positions. Soil samples were collected from landscape positions with varying soil pH and soil test P concentrations. Mineral... R. Koenig |
51. Polymer Coated Urea in Potato ProductionNitrogen (N) is the most important mineral nutrient in potato (Solanum tuberosum) production. Studies show a steady, but not excessive, supply of N is important for maximum tuber yield, size, and solids, as well as minimal internal and external defects. Although more costly and labor intensive dry broadcast applications, growers typically apply the majority of N through the irrigation water in-season in order to maximize yield components. A controlled release N fertilizer, in the form of poly... B. Hopkins, T. Taysom, A. Shiffler, S. Stephens |
52. Polymer Coated Urea: Microplastics in the Urban LandscapePolymer Coated Urea (PCU) in urban landscapes has recently become a controversial practice as some fear the repercussions of the polymer coatings left behind in soils and the environment to potentially be detrimental to land and water ecosystem health. The use of PCU has been beneficial in effectively supplying nitrogen (N) to plants with less leaching, denitrification, and volatilization losses to the environment. However, the pollution of microplastics may outweigh these benefits. The ... C. Seely , B. Hopkins |
53. Precision N Management: Field-scale Application of N Efficiency Indices in WheatPreliminary evaluation of precision agricultural technologies showed that on-combine grain yield and protein monitors show promise as useful tools to characterize site- specific variations in crop performance. Variable rate applicators were shown to be proficient at achieving targeted site-specific application goals. First year comparisons of uniform versus precision N management in hard red winter wheat showed that similar yield and protein goals were met with 20% less applied N in the field... D. Huggins |
54. Predicting Phosphorus Runoff from Calcareous SoilsStudies have shown that as extractable soil P levels increase, runoff P levels also increase. This relationship has been found on many different soils, but tends to be unique for each soil series. Very little research exists evaluating this relationship in calcareous soils. The objectives of this study were to determine soil series specific relationships between soil test phosphorus (STP) and runoff P for three calcareous soils, to compare the use of different soil extractants for runoff P pr... J. G. davis, R. Schierer, J. Zumbrunnen |
55. Recent Advances in P Fertilizer Technologies—polymer Coatings and Avail TechnologyPhosphorus fertilizers are an essential part of plant production and have been recognized as such for well over 100 years. Phosphorus utilization by crops is related to both soil availability as well as an individual plants metabolic process that allows P to be taken up by a plant as well as utilized for a wide variety of developmental processes. ... T. Tindall |
56. Reducing Dairy Effluent Phosphorus Content Through Struvite ProductionForced precipitation of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, MgNH4PO46H2O) in wastewater treatment has recently received increased attention as a method of phosphorus (P) recycling. Dairy lagoon P concentrations can be lowered, and the recovered struvite has the potential to be marketed and used as a fertilizer. Struvite may even be useful in organic production on calcareous soils, where rock P (PR) is not an option. A new organic treatment method, based on an exis... J. G. davis, J. Ippolito, M. Massey, R. Sheffield |
57. Remote Sensing of Corn N Status with Active SensorsDetermining in-season corn (Zea mays L.) nitrogen (N) variability has been a research focus of agronomists for quite some time. One of the methods currently available to determine N variability in corn is remote sensing. Studies have shown that remotely sensed imagery can detect N variability in corn. However, this method can have some limitations, such as the timeliness in which this imagery can be acquired. Hand-held active remote sensing devices may overcome these limitations... D. Westfall, R. Khosla, T. Shaver |
58. Remote Sensing of Grape K Deficiency Symptoms Using Leaf Level Hyperspectral ReflectancePotassium (K) is an important nutrient for grape because it sustains charge neutrality during organic acid transport, is a major ion involved in osmoregulation and stomatal function and contributes to pH status in grapes and wines. We assessed the utility of a number of vegetation indexes for detection of K deficiency symptoms in a commercial vineyard of Vitis vinifera cv Pinot Noir. A hyperspectral field spectroradiometer for the 350-2500 nm spectral region was used to measure light reflecta... D. Smart, M. Whiting, C. Stockert |
59. Removing Nitrogen, Phosphate, and Fecal Coliform from Dairy Effluent Using Multi-soil-layer (Msl) SystemsDairy effluent disposal has long been a concern in Hawaii. Dairies often establish multiple lagoons to accumulate and store effluent. Occasionally, the lagoons overflow leading to the transfer of nutrients, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and other contaminants such as pathogenic bacteria to surface, subsurface, and coastal waters. The objective of this study was to quantify the effectiveness of MSL systems in removing inorganic nitrogen, phosphate, and fecal indicator organisms (Fec... R. Yost, R. Pattnaik, G. Porter |
60. Residual Phosphorus Effects on Alfalfa Seed Pollination and ProductionHigher available P that increases alfalfa biomass reportedly reduces alfalfa seed yield due to poorer pollinator visitation. Available P effects were evaluated in a three year (2004-06) study with in-row plant spacing (12”, 24”, 36” and 48”) at Parma, ID to investigate the mechanism for the yield decline. Plots differing in residual P from previously applied P were further enriched with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 lb P/A. Plots were split in the last year and a mix of foliar... B. Brown, J. Barbour |
61. Response of Soil N Cycling, Nitrifying Organisms, and Winter Wheat Yield and Quality to Nitrification Inhibitors in High Rainfall Zones of Northern IdahoLeaching of fertilizer nitrogen contributes to environmental pollution and is an economic loss for agricultural producers. Leaching of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers is intensified when applied to areas of high rainfall zones in excess of crop requirements. Reduction of this nitrogen loss may be achieved through the application of nitrification inhibitors at the time of planting to prevent the transformation of ammonia to more leachable nitrate by nitrifying organisms. Much research on nitrif... S. Philpott, H. Tao, K. Schroeder |
62. Slow Release N for Irrigated Hard Red Spring Wheat Yield and ProteinProducing furrow irrigated hard red wheat with acceptable protein is challenging because of limited N management options for increasing protein. Slow release N has potential for improving N use efficiency in furrow irrigated hard wheat by avoiding the effects of excessive early season N yet providing later N for protein enhancement. A two year study (2005 and 2006) was conducted at Parma, ID to evaluate different N rates (120, 180 and 240 lb/A) of ESN and dry urea preplant N sources for furro... B. Brown, R. Gibson |
63. Soil Characteristics of New Mexico Vineyards: Management ImplicationsA growing viticulture industry in New Mexico has sparked a need to establish best management practices for the climate and soil conditions present across the state. A survey of soil and water characteristics in established New Mexico vineyards was performed so that appropriate management strategies could be developed and limitations could be identified. Soil nitrogen levels varied from low to high indicating potential problems. Plant tissue testing needs to be included in a phosphorus nutriti... R. Flynn |
64. Soil Greenhouse Gas Dynamics in Response to Dairy Manure Compost in an Almond OrchardApplication of dairy manure compost in soils under almond production may confer benefits such as increased carbon sequestration, improved crop nutrient use efficiency, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Elucidating the mechanisms of greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation is a primary concern in the management of agricultural soils and it is directly linked to nutrient management. Presently, agricultural soils account for 11.2% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. Of particular concern i... A. Coyotl, J. Murch, S.S. Khalsa, W.R. Horwath |
65. Soil Health in American Sports Fields and Golf CoursesHealthy soils are essential for sustaining the world’s ecosystems and maintaining human lifestyles. The adoption of biological, chemical, and physical analyses to assess soil health is a relatively new concept with a paucity of scientific work assessing how well these tests can predict and influence soil health. Golf and sports turf are arguably the most intensively managed soil systems in the world, including fertilizer and pesticide use. Excess fertilizer and pesticide application can... M. Barnes, B.G. Hopkins |
66. Soil Testing to Improve Phosphorus Management on Intensive Vegetable Farms in HawaiiAccording to a recent survey of soil samples sent to the Agricultural Diagnostic Service Center (ADSC) at the University of Hawaii between October 2002 and September 2003, a majority of the samples showed soil test P (STP) levels in the high or excessive categories. Despite high soil test P, many farmers in Hawaii continue to apply P fertilizers. We began a project to evaluate soil P status on a range of vegetable farms throughout the state, to determine crop response to P fertilizers on soil... J. Deenik, S. Fukuda, R. Hamasaki, R. Shimabuku, R. Uchida |
67. Soil Zinc Application for Southwestern PecanPecan trees grown in the alkaline soils of the southwestern United States are prone to zinc deficiency unless supplemental zinc is regularly applied. Standard treatment involves multiple foliar zinc applications. Soil zinc application would provide several advantages. A field study was initiated in 2005 with three soil zinc treatments: no zinc (control), ZnSO4 (74 kg.ha-1 Zn), or ZnEDTA (19 kg.ha-1 Zn) were applied one time in March, 2005 in bands 18 cm deep and 1.2 m on both s... J. Walworth, A. Pond, H. Nunez, B. Wood, M. Kilby |
68. Spatial and Temporal Variability in Wine Grape NutrientsLittle work has been done to address the extent of spatial and temporal variability in nutrients in wine grape vineyards. In this study, we assessed soil and plant nutrient distribution on a per vine basis, both spatially and temporally across two vineyards, a Ruby Cabernet vineyard in Sunraysia and a Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard in Coonawarra. Petiole tissue was collected at two growth stages: flowering and veraison. Berry tissue was collected at harvest. All samples were analyzed for the pla... J. Davenport, R. Bramley |
69. Spoon-fed Nitrogen and Phosphorus Management for Subsurface Drip Irrigated Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is becoming a popular option for maximizing the water use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), especially in semi-arid environments of the Midsouth and Western United States. Applying fertilizers through SDI provides an opportunity to prescriptively apply nutrients at peak nutrient demand which could minimize loss and increase uptake, but the application timing is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to develop nitrogen (N) an... J.A. Burke, K.L. Lewis |
70. Stacking 4R Nutrient Management: PotatoThe 4Rs of nutrient management are research-based guidelines with the aim to improve the sustainability of major cropping systems and the environment without compromising crop yield and quality. The term “4R” represents fertilizer applied at the Right rate with the Right source, Right timing, and Right placement. The objective of this project is to evaluate the interactions of individual and combined 4R management practices. In 2020, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was grow... S.H. Stapley, C.C. Whitaker, N.C. Hansen, R.C. Christensen, R.R. Jensen, M.A. Yost, B.G. Hopkins |
71. Sus-Terra Enhanced Efficiency Phosphorus Fertilizer on Potato Grown in Calcareous SoilPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has a relatively high demand for phosphorus (P), especially on calcareous soil where the availability of P in hindered by poor solubility. Sus-Terra is claimed to be an enhanced efficiency fertilizer compared to other P sources. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the differences in uptake efficiency and yield for multiple P sources compared to a no P control applied to Russet Burbank potato. Field trials with six replications in a RCBD were... L.K. Sannar, B.G. Hopkins, T.J. Hopkins |
72. The Ammonia RainbowAgriculture has been identified as a major contributor to atmospheric carbon dioxide with nitrogen fertilizer production as a key component. Recent scrutiny of nitrogen production processes has identified ammonia production processes to reduce carbon output from traditional Haber-Bosch processes. These different ammonia production processes are often described with color descriptions to designate the processes used and qualitatively identify their carbon footprint, such as “green ... A. Blaylock |
73. The Effects of Calcium Source and Placement on Soil Factors and Wheat Performace FactorsWheat production is a critical component of U.S. Pacific Northwest agriculture, with approximately 80% of the global soft white wheat grain supply originating from this region. Ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizers are widely used on typically alkaline soils in Eastern Oregon dryland production areas by wheat growers. However the nitrification process that biologically converts ammonium to nitrate increases the soil concentration of H+. This process ultimately creates acidic soil conditions, wh... S. Ellickson, A. Moore, R. Zemetra, C. Hagerty |
74. Tillage Effects on Phosphorus AvailabilityVertical stratification of phosphorus (P) has been documented in both no-till and reduced tillage systems, yet very few studies have determined if this stratification has affected P uptake, and none of these studies have been conducted in Montana. Stratification of P was compared in 1.2 in layers in a small plot study composed of four tillage systems: long-term conventional (sweep) till (CT), 10-yr no-till (NT), 1-yr NT and 1-yr CT. Olsen P was measured in the upper 12 in., and a sequential e... C. Jones, K. Neill, C. Chen, E. Allison |
75. Urea and Ammonia Volatilization in Dryland Grass Seed Systems1The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of grass seed production conditions and management practices on NH3 volatilization, Kentucky bluegrass seed yields and N recovery from urea. Laboratory incubations suggest the potential for NH3 volatilization is greater from stands in which post-harvest residue is baled and removed than from stands in which residue is burned. Both burned and unburned stands have a surface pH > 7.9, although pH declined with time in the burne... R. Koenig, C. Proctor, W. Johnston, C. Golob |
76. Using Calcium Hydroxide for Lime Incubation Studies and Moisture Effects on LimingPlant health and productivity are negatively affected by soil acidity. Soil physical properties such as soil texture, soil organic matter, and nutrient content help soils resist changes in their acidity (buffering capacity). Soils have different buffering capacities; agricultural producers need to know how responsive a soil is to lime and how much lime is required to modify a soil to a certain pH (lime requirement). One method to evaluate soil liming requirements and buffering capacity is to ... C. Collins, E. Loera, R. Reid, J. Spackman |
77. Variability of Manure Nutrient Content and Implications for Manure Sampling ProtocolThe variability of manure nutrient levels within and across farms makes manure sampling and development of reliable tabular values challenging. The chemical characteristics of beef, dairy, horse, sheep, and chicken solid manures in Colorado were evaluated by sampling six to ten different livestock operations for each manure type and comparing the results to values found in the literature. Due to the semi-arid climate of Colorado, manure tends to be drier and have lower ammonium (NH4-N) levels... J. G. davis, K. Iversen, M. Vigil |
78. Variable Rate Fertilization: Soil Moisture ImpactsVariable Rate Fertilization (VRF) fertilization is a means of potentially applying nutrients more efficiently. Variable Rate Irrigation (VRI) is increasingly evaluated. However, these are generally studied in isolation, which seems contrary to the principles on which each are founded. Potential benefits of VRF, especially for N, are often confounded or repressed as a result of soil moisture variability due to runoff losses/accumulation and/or total water applied. Similarly, VRI results are im... B.G. Hopkins |
79. Variable Rate N and P Management for High-value Vegetable Cropping SystemsThe Lower Colorado River Region (LCRR) of Arizona and California and their environs produce more than 90% of the nation’s cool season vegetables during the fall-winter-spring period. Large amounts of N and P fertilizers are currently utilized for maximum yield and quality. Phosphorus fertilizers are applied pre-plant based on a soil test of a composite field sample. Nitrogen is applied by side-dress based on a plant midrib or petiole N analysis, or soil nitrate-N test, from ... C.A. Sanchez, P. Andrade |